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Objective: Constructing and validating a nomogram model for preoperative prediction of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) lymph node metastasis to assist decision making during surgery. Methods: Retrospectively collecting the clinical and pathological data of 1 031 ICC patients who underwent partial hepatectomy at Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Naval Military Medical University,General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command,or Zhongda Hospital Southeast University from January 2003 to January 2014. There were 682 males and 349 females; mean age was 54.7 years(range:18 to 82 years). There were 562 patients who underwent lymph node dissection and 469 patients who did not. Among the patients in the dissection group,Lasso regression method was used to filtrate preoperative variables related to lymph node metastasis and establish a nomogram. Bootstrap method was used to internally validate the discrimination of the nomogram,and the accuracy of the nomogram was assessed by using calibration curves. Patients were divided into low-moderate and high-risk groups based on model prediction probability. Propensity score matching(PSM) was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with and without lymph node dissection in the two groups,and to judge the importance of lymph node dissection in the two groups. Results: Six factors related to ICC lymph node metastasis were determined by Lasso regression,including hepatitis B surface antigen,CA19-9,age,lymphadenopathy,carcinoembryo antigen and maximum tumor diameter. These factors were integrated into a nomogram to predict ICC lymph node metastasis. The aera under curve value was 0.764,and the C-index was 0.754. Stratified analysis showed that OS and RFS in the high-risk group of lymph node metastasis were significantly lower than those in the low-medium risk group(median OS:14.6 months vs. 27.0 months,P<0.01; median RFS:9.1 months vs. 15.5 months,P<0.01). In the high-risk group,the median OS was 16.7 months and 6.3 months(Log-rank test: P=0.187;Wilcoxon test:P=0.046),and the median RFS was 11.0 months and 4.8 months(P=0.403),respectively in the lymph node dissection group and undissected group after PSM. In the low-medium-risk group,the median OS was 22.7 months and 26.7 months(P=0.288),and the median RFS was 13.0 months and 14.5 months(P=0.306),respectively in the lymph node dissection group and undissected group after PSM. Conclusions: The nomogram could be used for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis and prognostic stratification in patients with ICC. For patients with high risk of lymph node metastasis predicted by the model,active dissection should be performed. For patients predicted to be at low-moderate risk,lymph node dissection might be optional in some specific cases.
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Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bile Duct Neoplasms/surgery , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology , Cholangiocarcinoma/surgery , Lymph Node Excision , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Nomograms , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an aggregational gastroenteritis and determine the genotypes of sapovirus， and to provide scientific basis for formulating effective control strategies. Methods:Unified case definition， active case search and descriptive epidemiology were used to analyze the epidemic. Feces or anal swabs of untreated students， teachers， canteen staff as well as canteen environment samples were collected. Norovirus and sapovirus nucleic acid tests were conducted by real-time fluorescent RT-PCR， and sapovirus nucleic acid was amplified by conventional RT-PCR. The gene region of capsid protein was analyzed by MEGA7.0 software and phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results:A total of 12 cases were reported in the epidemic， and the incidence rate was 44.44%. All reported cases， with vomiting symptoms， were found in the same class. The epidemic showed a point-based outbreak. The first case became the source of infection in class， and the epidemic lasted for 8 days. Real-time fluorescent RT-PCR assay confirmed that five children's feces were positive for sapovirus nucleic acid， and the first-episode children's feces were positive for sapovirus and GII norovirus nucleic acid. Sequence alignment result showed that the sapovirus strains belonged to GI.1 type with homologous genes. Conclusion:Based on the clinical manifestations， field epidemiological investigation and laboratory test results， we confirm that the first case of the epidemic in class is caused by GI.1 sapovirus infection. The epidemic is effectively controlled by comprehensive measures such as case isolation and disinfection.
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OBJECTIVE@#To verify the clinical effect of acupoint embedding therapy on post-stroke constipation.@*METHODS@#The multi-central randomized controlled trial was adopted. 210 patients of post-stroke constipation were divided into an acupoint embedding group (105 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and a sham-embedding group (105 cases, 6 cases dropped off). In the acupoint embedding group, the acupoint embedding therapy was used at Tianshu (ST 25), Daheng (SP 15), Xiawan (CV 10), Zhongwan (CV 12), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4) and Daju (ST 27). In the sham-embedding group, the sham-embedding therapy was given, in which, the acupoint selection, needle devices and manipulation were the same as the acupoint embedding group. But, no absorbable surgical suture was used in the needle tube. The treatment was given once every two weeks and 4 treatments were required in either group. It was to compare the weekly average complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) during treatment (from the 3rd to the 8th week) between the two groups, the weekly average spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs), Bristol stool form score (BSFS), the score of the patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire (PAC-QOL) and the score of defecation difficulty before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The percentage of the cases with weekly average CSBMs ≥ 3 times in the patients of the acupoint embedding group was higher markedly than the sham-embedding group [91.1% (92/101) vs 43.4% (43/99), <0.01]. Compared with the values before treatment, the weekly average SBMs and BSFS scores after treatment were all increased obviously in the two groups (<0.01), and PAC-QOL score and the score of defecation difficulty were reduced remarkably (<0.01). After treatment, the increase range of SBMs and BSFS scores, as well as the decrease range of PAC-QOL score and the defecation difficulty score in the acupoint embedding group were all higher than the sham-embedding group respectively (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The acupoint embedding therapy remarkably increases the spontaneous bowel movements, improves in feces form and defecation difficulty and strengthens the quality of life in the patients of post-stroke constipation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Constipation , Therapeutics , Quality of Life , Stroke , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
ObjectiveOnly few studies have been published of the effect of microvascular invasion (MVI) on long-term prognosis of liver resection (LR) for multiple hepatocellular carcinomas (mHCCs). Therefore, we investigate the efficacy of MVI on long-term prognosis of the patients undergoing LR formHCCs.MethodsThe clinical data of 505 patients undergoing LR for mHCCs in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of the Second Military Medical University between March 2009 and March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the MVI(+) group （n=279）and MVI (-) group (n=226), and146 patients in MVI (+) group and 124 patients in MVI (-) group received adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The Kaplan-Meier approach was used for survival analysis and the Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used forthe risk factors of long-term survival rate.ResultsThe early recurrence rate of MVI (+) group was significantly higher than that of MVI (-) group (60.4% vs 40.5%, P<0.01), and the 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rate of MVI (+) group was significantly lower than those in MVI (-) group (70.5%, 47.4%, 33.4% vs 86.6%, 66.8%, 50.1%, P<0.05). Among MVI (+) patients, the early recurrence rate and 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rate in the adjuvant TACE group were better than those in the control group (early recurrence rate 41.3% vs 39.3%, P<0.05; 1, 3, 5 year overall survival rate 92.8%, 72.5%, 53.1% vs 78.6%, 59.5%, 47.3%, P<0.05). Multivariate Cox model indicated that the Alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) level, maximum tumor diameter/minimum tumor diameter, MVI and adjuvant TACE were independent risk factors for early recurrence (HR=1.48, 1.51, 1.34, 0.76, P<0.05); maximum tumor diameter, intraoperative blood transfusion, MVI and adjuvant TACE were independent risk factors for postoperative overall survival (HR=1.75, 1.75, 1.36, 0.68, P<0.05).ConclusionMVI is a risk factor for early recurrence and poor long-term prognosis after LR for mHCCs. For mHCCs with MVI, adjuvant TACE after LR could reduce the early recurrence rate and improve the long-term survival rate.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors and develop a risk score model for the textbook outcome(TO)among patients undergoing curative-intent resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).METHODS: Theclinicopathological data of 261 ICC patients between January 2011 and January 2017 in Zhongda Hospital of SoutheastUniversity and No.81 Hospital of PLA undergoing partial hepatectomy were retrospectively collected. Logistic regressionanalyses were performed to determine the significant risk factors for predicting TO.RESULTS: A total of 261 patientsundergoing curative-intent resection of ICC were enrolled in the study. Among them,TO was achieved in 67 patients(25.7%). A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that older age,non-cirrhosis,reduced operative duration,and T1 a stage disease were independently associated with achieving a TO. A risk score to assess the probability of TOwas developed according the above four risk factors and had good accuracy and satisfactory calibration(χ~2=1.350,P=0.853).CONCLUSION: Younger ICC patients with short operation duration,no cirrhosis,and tumor diameter <5 cm mayhave the higher probability to achieve TO. The risk score model could accurately predict postoperative TO of patientswith ICC.
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Objective To explore the clinical and genetic features of McLeod syndrome caused by XK gene mutation.Methods The clinical data of a patient who came from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in May 2017 and diagnosed as McLeod syndrome by gene detection were analyzed.Gene analysis was also carried out in his family to confirm the result.Results Acanthocytes in peripheral blood,systemic chorea symptom,and increased serum levels of creatine kinase were observed in this patient and his brother.The proband and his brother showed half mutations.One of the proband's sister was homozygous normal.The proband's mother,one of the proband's sister and the proband's daughter showed heterozygous mutations.The family analysis accorded with X-linked recessive inheritance trait.Genetic testing for mutations in the XK gene revealed a previously unreported hemizygous single base-pair frame shift deletion at exon 3 (c.1004G＞A).Conclusions A rare phenotype of a patient with McLeod syndrome is first described in mainland of China which was discovered coincidentally during routine blood group testing and consecutively genetically con fi rmed.One novel mutation in XK gene was found in the patient.For old male patient with multiple system disorders including dyskinetic movement disorders,cardiopathy,acanthocytes and elevated serum creatine kinase,a genetic test for XK gene mutation is highly suggested to confirm the McLeod syndrome.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the risk factors of carcinogenesis of large colorectal polyps (diameter ≥ 10 mm) found by colonoscopy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 418 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as colorectal polyps with diameter≥10 mm by colonoscopy at two endoscopy centers of the Affiliated Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University (n=207) and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (n=211) from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer were defined as malignancy in this study. Chi square test was used for univariate analysis, and logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis (in patients with multiple polyps, if the pathological findings were all low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, one polyp with the largest diameter was selected to enter the model; in patients with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, one polyp of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia with the largest diameter was selected to enter the model). Associated risk factors of malignancy were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 418 patients, 278(66.5%) were male and 140(33.5%) were female, with mean age of (58.7±10.2) (range 15-87) years old. Of 398 patients undergoing endoscopic treatment with resected 456 polyps, 142 cases with 150 polyps were malignant, including 134 polyps of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 16 polyps of intra-mucosal cancer. The other 20 patients showed negative elevation signs after endoscopic submucosal injection and were transferred to surgery, of whom 20 polyps were resected. Histological examination of these 20 polyps indicated invasive cancer. Univariate analysis showed that age ≥ 50 years [40.5% (150/370) vs. 25.0% (12/48), χ² =4.323, P=0.041], multiple polyps [77.5%(31/40) vs. 34.7%(131/378), χ² =12.900, P=0.001], polyp locating at rectum [59.0%(36/61) vs. 32.3%(134/415), χ² =22.736, P=0.000], polyp diameter ≥31 mm [74.1%(20/27) vs. 33.4%(150/449), χ² =36.493, P=0.000] and tubular villous adenoma [67.4%(120/178) vs. 16.8%(50/298), χ² =71.810, P=0.000] were associated with malignancy. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 50 years(OR=2.473, 95%CI:1.209-5.058, P=0.013), multiple polyps (OR=2.472, 95%CI: 1.300-4.702, P=0.006), polyp locating at rectum (OR=1.253, 95%CI: 1.091-1.439, P=0.001) and the polyp diameter ≥31 mm (OR=1.500, 95%CI:1.196-1.881, P=0.000) were independent risk factors for malignancy of large colorectal polyps. The mean follow-up time was (9.6±4.2) months. During the follow-up period, 86 patients (20.5%) who received endoscopic resection developed recurrent adenoma which all were successfully removed by colonoscopic polypectomy. Two patients(0.5%) developed colon cancer 6 months after endoscopic resection and both underwent radical surgery and chemotherapy. Their previous pathology from endoscopic resection was tubular villous adenoma and high grade intraepithelial neoplasia. All the patients were alive during the follow-up period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Age ≥50 years old, multiple polyps, polyps locating at rectum and polyps with diameter ≥ 31 mm are the risk factors of malignancy. Emphasized examination should be recommended for those with the above mentioned risk factors to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The choice of endoscopic treatment must be reasonable for curative resection.</p>
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Objective To establish a method for the content determination of paeoniflorin and paeonolide in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS; To study its characteristics of pharmacokinetics.Methods HPLC-MS/MS method was adopted. The column was Ultimate RXB-C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3 μm) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ formic acid water solution. Flow rate was 0.3 mL/min; column temperature was 30℃; the volume was 5 μL; detection wavelength was 230 nm. Quantitative ions were m/z 525→120.9 (paeoniflorin and paeonolide), m/z 433→224.8 (geniposide). 8 SD male rats were collected blood 0.5 mL from orbital vein 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 360, 540, 720 min after intragastric administrationBaishaoDecoction 6 g (medicinal materials)/kg to determine the blood concentration of medicine. DAS V2.1.1 software was employed to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. Results Good linearity was found in the range of 40–8000 ng/mL and 40–10000 ng/mL for paeoniflorin and paeonolide (r=0.9996,r=0.9995). The intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 6％. The extraction recoveries were 92.33％–95.43％ and 88.65％–95.62％. The matrix effect values were 99.29％–107.86％ and 93.79％–104.05％.All items of method validation were in line with the requirements. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of paeoniflorin and paeonolide were showed as follows: Cmax of (8.50±2.01) and (4.13±0.72) μg/mL; tmax of (10.00± 1.73) and (20.00±2.11) min; t1/2 of (142.98±30.11) and (127.68±35.74) min.Conclusion The HPLC-MS/MS method established in this study is simple, feasible, accurate, reliable, highly sensitive, and specific, which can be applied to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of paeoniflorin and paeonolide in rats in vivo.
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As one of drug or gene carriers, peptide-modified pH-sensitive liposomes can actively target the tumor tissues, release anti-tumor drugs in specific areas, reduce side effects of drugs, and improve their therapeutic potency. In this review, the modification methods of peptide-modified liposomes and their anti-tumor applications by gene transfection and drug delivery are introduced. This paper is expected to provide a reference for the preparation of peptide-modified pH-sensitive liposomes and design of carriers for anti-tumor drugs.
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Objective To explore the body temperature thresholds of shivering in febrile rats during therapeutic hypothermia, and establish rat models of shivering in different degrees. Methods A randomized controlled trial was adopted. Rats weighted 200 ± 20 g and basal body temperature of 36. 8-38. 3℃ were induced with fever using 20% dry yeast solution through dorsal subcutaneous injection. 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:10 mL ice pack group, 20 mL ice pack group, 40 mL ice pack group and control group, 10 rats in each group. Physical cooling was implemented for 30 minutes in the neck and armpits. No cooling measures was given to the control group. The shivering of rats were observed, and the threshold of anal temperature was monitored. Results In the rats with hyperthermia, shivering was not observed in any part of the rats in the control group and in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 10 mL ice pack. The rats in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 20 mL ice pack developed mild shivering, which manifested as piloerection, head and neck trembling, with or without upper limbs trembling. The threshold of the average rectal temperature of mild shivering was 37. 25℃, The incidence of mild shivering was 100%. The rats in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 40 mL ice pack developed severe shivering, which manifested as piloercetion, head, neck, limbs and trunk were trembling, and tail muscle tension increased. The threshold of the average rectal temperature of severe shivering was 37. 07℃, severe shivering occurred in 90% of the rats. Conclusions No shivering, mild shivering, and severe shivering models can be established by intervention with ice pack in rats with high fever during therapeutic hypothermia.
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Objective · To study the effect of miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells on the biological functions of vascular endothelial cells.Methods · Lentivirus vectors Up-LV-miR-137 and LV-miR-NC were constructed and transfected into the trophoblast cells HTR-8/SVneo, respectively.And transfection efficiency was verified by PCR. Vascular endothelial cells were cultured with transfected trophoblast cells or their culture medium supernatant. Proliferation, migration activity and ability to recruit monocytes U937 of endothelial cells were detected by CCK8 method, scratch test and Transwell migration test, respectively. Results · miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells were obtained. The results of CCK8 test showed that proliferation of vascular endothelial cells cultured with miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells or their culture medium supernatant was inhibited, especially in high glucose condition. The repair of endothelial cells in the transfected cells culture medium slowed down in the scratch test. Transwell migration test results showed that after the endothelial cells were cultured with miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells, more monocytes passed through the chambers with higher chemotactic index. Conclusion · miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells can regulate the biological functions of vascular endothelial cells, i.e. reduce proliferation and migration activity and enhance ability to recruit monocytes.
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Objective To explore the body temperature thresholds of shivering in febrile rats during therapeutic hypothermia, and establish rat models of shivering in different degrees. Methods A randomized controlled trial was adopted. Rats weighted 200 ± 20 g and basal body temperature of 36. 8-38. 3℃ were induced with fever using 20% dry yeast solution through dorsal subcutaneous injection. 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:10 mL ice pack group, 20 mL ice pack group, 40 mL ice pack group and control group, 10 rats in each group. Physical cooling was implemented for 30 minutes in the neck and armpits. No cooling measures was given to the control group. The shivering of rats were observed, and the threshold of anal temperature was monitored. Results In the rats with hyperthermia, shivering was not observed in any part of the rats in the control group and in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 10 mL ice pack. The rats in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 20 mL ice pack developed mild shivering, which manifested as piloerection, head and neck trembling, with or without upper limbs trembling. The threshold of the average rectal temperature of mild shivering was 37. 25℃, The incidence of mild shivering was 100%. The rats in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 40 mL ice pack developed severe shivering, which manifested as piloercetion, head, neck, limbs and trunk were trembling, and tail muscle tension increased. The threshold of the average rectal temperature of severe shivering was 37. 07℃, severe shivering occurred in 90% of the rats. Conclusions No shivering, mild shivering, and severe shivering models can be established by intervention with ice pack in rats with high fever during therapeutic hypothermia.
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Objective · To study the effect of miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells on the biological functions of vascular endothelial cells.Methods · Lentivirus vectors Up-LV-miR-137 and LV-miR-NC were constructed and transfected into the trophoblast cells HTR-8/SVneo, respectively.And transfection efficiency was verified by PCR. Vascular endothelial cells were cultured with transfected trophoblast cells or their culture medium supernatant. Proliferation, migration activity and ability to recruit monocytes U937 of endothelial cells were detected by CCK8 method, scratch test and Transwell migration test, respectively. Results · miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells were obtained. The results of CCK8 test showed that proliferation of vascular endothelial cells cultured with miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells or their culture medium supernatant was inhibited, especially in high glucose condition. The repair of endothelial cells in the transfected cells culture medium slowed down in the scratch test. Transwell migration test results showed that after the endothelial cells were cultured with miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells, more monocytes passed through the chambers with higher chemotactic index. Conclusion · miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells can regulate the biological functions of vascular endothelial cells, i.e. reduce proliferation and migration activity and enhance ability to recruit monocytes.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of pre-cut-endoscopic mucosa resection of colorectal laterally spreading tumor. Methods 65 patients with LST were enrolled from January 2014 to February 2014. LST was detected by chromoendoscopy and NBI combined with magnifying endoscopy technique. The size, site, morphological features, were observed and the histopathological features of the specimen of LST was analyzed. All the 65 LSTs were resect by pre-cut-EMR. The clinical results including enbloc resection rate, all bloc resection rate, procedure time, complication and recurrence rates were retrospectively evaluated. Results All the 65 LSTs lesions ranged from 2.0 cm to 5.0 cm, with a mean diameter of (2.4 ± 1.7) cm. The site of 65 LSTs was in rectum 28 (43.1 %), 11 LSTs in sigmoid colon (16.9 %), 6 LSTs in descending colon (9.2 %), 2 LSTs in splenic flexure of colon (3.1 %), 9 LSTs in transverse colon (13.8 %), 4 LSTs in Hepatic flexure of colon (6.2 %), 2 LSTs in ascending colon(3.1 %), and 3 LSTs in cecum (4.6 %). Morphology of 23 LSTs were homogeneous granular type (35.4 %), 27 LSTs were mixed non-granular type (41.5 %), 13 LSTs were flat elevated type (20.0 %), and 2 LSTs were pseudo-depressed type (3.1 %). The histopathological diagnoses of LST included 12 tubular adenoma (18.5 %), 19 villous-tubular adenoma (29.2 %), 26 villous adenoma (40.0 %), 7 advanced intraepithelial tumor (10.7 %), 1 intramucosal carcinoma (1.5 %). Enbloc resection was achieved in 65 patients (100.0 %) with a mean operation time of (18.0 ± 11.7) min. 5 cases were bleeding during the operation (7.7 %), 1 case was bleeding 7 days after operation (1.5 %), no perforation was happened. 65 patients were followed up for 3 ~ 12 months, and no local recurrence was found. Conclusion Pre-cut-endoscopic mucosal resection an effective and safe therapy for colorectal LST larger than 2.0 cm.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To ascertain anti-fatigue constituents and mechanisms of Herpetospermum caudigerum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 80% ethanol extracts of Herpetospermum caudigerum were partitioned with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively. Male Kunming mice were divided into 13 groups with 16 mice in each group: a control group fed with water, 9 groups treated with 3 fractions of Herpetospermum caudigerum (chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction) at dose of 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg for the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group, 3 herpetrione (HPE) treated groups fed with HPE at dose of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg for the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group. All animals were treated once per day for 30 days. Anti-fatigue activity was assessed through the forced swimming test and serum biochemical parameters including blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic glycogen (HG), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) determined following the recommended procedures provided by the commercial kits.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the lignans extract (ethyl acetate fraction) of Herpetospermum caudigerum and HPE could signifificantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and also increased the HG levels (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and LDH, P<0.05 or P<0.01); BLA and MDA levels were decreased considerably in lignans extract and HPE treated groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). HPE also could significantly decrease the BUN contents compared with the control group (P<0.05). The chloroform and n-butanol fraction showed no effect on swimming time and biochemical parameters.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The lignans extract had antifatigue activities and HPE may be partly responsible for the anti-fatigue effects of Herpetospermum caudigerum. The possible mechanisms of anti-fatigue activity were related to the decrease of BUN and BLA, the increase of the HG storage and protecting corpuscular membrane by preventing lipid oxidation via modifying several enzyme activities.</p>
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Animals , Male , Mice , Body Weight , Cucurbitaceae , Chemistry , Fatigue , Blood , Drug Therapy , Glycogen , Metabolism , Lignans , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Liver , Metabolism , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Swimming , Time FactorsABSTRACT
To prepare tanshinone ⅡA loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (Tan ⅡA-NLC), and study its in vitro transdermal permeation characteristics. The Tan ⅡA-NLC was prepared by high pressure homogenization technology and optimized by Box-Behnken design-response surface method, and it was characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, zeta potention, et al. The transdermal permeation of Tan ⅡA-NLC was evaluated by using Franz diffusion cells. The results showed that, the optimal formulation was as follows: drug/lipid materials ratio 88, GMS/MCT ratio 2, emulsifier concentration 1%, average particle size (182±14) nm, polydispersity index PDI (0.190 6±0.024 5), zeta potential (－27.8± 5.4) mV, encapsulation efficiency EE (86.44%±9.26%) and drug loading DL (0.98%±0.18%), respectively. The in vitro transdermal permeation results showed that as compared with Tan ⅡA solution, Tan ⅡA-NLC had lower transdermal permeation amount after applying drug for 24 h, but its retention in the epidermis was 3.18 times that of solution. These results indicated that the prepared Tan ⅡA-NLC could effectively increase the regention of Tan ⅡA in the epidermis, and had a broad application prospect.
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To study the absorption kinetics of paeoniflorin lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (Pae-LLCN) in different intestinal segments of rats and compare them with paeoniflorin(Pae) solution. Rat everted gut sac models were adopted for intestinal absorption test, and Pae content was determined by HPLC method to study the absorption characteristics of Pae-LLCN in rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, and investigate the effects of different drug concentrations on intestinal absorption. Results showed that Pae-LLCN and Pae were well absorbed at different intestine segments and different concentrations. The absorption constant Ka was increased with the increasing of the drug concentration, indicating possible passive absorption. The accumulative absorption volume Q and absorption constant Ka of Pae-LLCN were higher than those of Pae at each intestinal segment(P<0.05). The results revealed that Pae-LLCN and Pae could be well absorbed in whole intestinal segments and its mechanism may be passive absorption. LLCN can effectively improve the intestinal absorption of Pae.
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Objective To know the understanding of acupuncture and moxibustion and learning interest of students in western medical colleges and universities;To analyze the feasibility and possibility of establishing acupuncture and moxibustion course in western medical colleges and universities. Methods A survey was made among 535 medical students in five majors from grade one to grade three in Medical School in Nanchang University:clinical specialty, anesthesiology, medical imaging, prophylactic medicine and nursing. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Among all the students, 46.2%of them did not know anything about acupuncture and moxibustion, but 97% of them were interested in learning it. 76.8% students wished to learn the acupuncture theories based on modern science and clinical research. In addition, 79.3%students chose elective course as teaching form. Compared with the freshmen and junior students, sophomores were more interested in accepting acupuncture and moxibution course, with statistical significance (P0.05). Conclusion Students of western medical colleges and universities are interested in learning acupuncture and moxibustion. The feasibility and possibility of establishing acupuncture and moxibustion course in western medical colleges and universities are affirmed.
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Objective: To clone the gene sequence of the key enzyme in synthesis pathway of terpenoids, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) from Gentiana macrophylla (GmDXR) and to analyze its characteristic and expression. Methods: GmDXR gene was cloned and the sequence characterization was analyzed with bioinformatics methods, then the expression patterns of GmDXR were studied by real-time PCR. Results: GmDXR gene contained a completed open reading frame of 1 428 bp encoding 475 amino acids, GmDXR has high homology (≥85%) with DXR proteins from Rauvolfia verticillata, Lycopersicon esculentum, and other plants. Further analysis showed that GmDXR had non-transmembrane domain structure and signal peptide, which mainly located in the chloroplast. Quantitative PCR results showed that GmDXR mainly expressed in the leaves of G. macrophylla and could be induced by plant hormone such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Conclusion: GmDXR contains conserved structures of DXR protein. GmDXR expresses variously in different organs of G. macrophylla and could be induced by MeJA. It is very helpful for the future research on biosynthetic mechanism of iridoid compounds in G. macrophylla.
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Objective The aim was to find the correlations between blood glucose (GLU)and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP),high sensitive C reactive protein (HCRP),plasma lipid profiles among physical examination population.Methods The parameters including GLU,HCRP,and plasma lipid profiles were examined by using Olympus AU5400 automatic biochemical analyzer from 9 057 blood samples,and then AIP value was calculated.The t test,Pearson correlation and multivariate logistic regression were used.Results The levels of AIP and HCRP were significantly higher in high glucose group both in males and females (P <0.01).Positive lower correlations were found between GLU and AIP,apolipoprotein B (apoB),HCRP,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL -C),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),uric acid (URIC)and apoB/aopA1,while the correlation with AIP was highest (r =0.163,P <0.01 ).There were negative correlations between GLU and apoA1,high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL -C).Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender,age,HCRP and AIP were relative factors associated with hyperglycemia. Conclusion There are some differences in the levels of AIP and HCRP between the high glucose people and general people.